Phytochemical and antioxidant properties of selected fig (Ficus carica L.) accessions from the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey

Fig has been a typical fruit component of the health-promoting Mediterranean diet for a very long time. Phytochemical characters and antioxidant capacity of green-, yellow-, brown-, purple-, and black-fruited fig (Ficus carica L.) accessions were investigated. In this study, total phenolics (TP), total anthocyanins (TA), fructose (FRUC), glucose (GLUC), sucrose (SUC), and variables (such as L*, a*, C*, and hue°) describing fruit skin colors were examined. Also, the antioxidant capacity (TAC) of fig fruits was determined by the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Antioxidant capacity was significantly correlated with the polyphenol and anthocyanin (r = 0.74 and 0.63, respectively) contents of fruits. Black fig accessions had the highest TAC (range of 7.9–16.1, mean 12.4 Fe²⁺ mmol/kg FW), TA (range of 32.3–356.0, mean 128.4 μg cy-3-rutinoside/g FW), and TP content (range of 69.1–220.0, mean 118.9 mg GAE/100 g FW). These black-fruited accessions had 2-fold greater TAC, 15-fold greater TA, and 2.5-fold greater TP than green and yellow fig accessions. However, the FRUC, GLUC, and SUC content of brown and purple fig accessions were higher than those of other color groups. The predominant sugars present were fructose (∼56%) and glucose (∼43%), as determined by HPLC.     

红梨新品种‘红月梨’

 ‘红月梨’是由‘红茄梨’和‘苹果梨’杂交育成。果实圆锥形,平均单果质量245 g。表面红色,果皮薄。果肉白色,后熟后肉质细腻多汁,风味酸甜,微香,石细胞少,含可溶性固形物14.4%,总糖10.33%,可滴定酸0.34%,维生素C 0.0248 mg · g-1,品质优。在辽宁熊岳地区9月上旬成熟,早产,早丰,优质,易栽培管理,抗病,抗寒。     

罗非鱼片的超临界CO2干燥动力学及模型

超临界CO2干燥是一种新型的干燥技术。为掌握罗非鱼片的超临界CO2干燥特性,该文研究了温度、压力和CO2流量对罗非鱼片的超临界CO2干燥动力学的影响规律,拟合了干燥曲线方程。结果表明:温度(35～55℃)对超临界CO2干燥过程有显著影响,而压力(15～35MPa)和CO2流量(15～35L/h)对干燥过程的影响相对较小;干燥方程符合Page模型。研究结果可为罗非鱼片的超临界CO2干制工业化生产和控制提供参考。     

超临界CO2干燥罗非鱼片的传质模型和数值模拟

为了探讨超临界CO2干燥罗非鱼的机理,该文基于微分床的质量守恒定律建立了超临界CO2干燥罗非鱼片的传质数学模型,通过Matlab软件对其干燥过程进行了数值模拟,分析了干燥室内超临界CO2中的溶质质量分数和罗非鱼片中的溶质质量分数随干燥时间和干燥床高度变化的规律,揭示溶质在超临界CO2干燥过程中的传质模式。结果表明:在超临界CO2干燥罗非鱼片的过程中,溶质传质主要以对流扩散为主,而以轴向扩散为辅;数值模拟的结果与试验值拟合良好(R2=0.97),相对偏差的绝对值在10%以内,说明建立的传质数学模型能较好的模拟超临界CO2干燥罗非鱼片的过程。研究结果可为超临界CO2干制罗非鱼片的工业化生产的过程控制提供参考。     

复杂摆动式豌豆胚皮分离机设计

针对淀粉行业急需对豌豆脱皮后的豆胚与豆皮混合物进行分离这一现状,设计了一种复杂摆动式豌豆胚皮分离机。为此,在介绍了分离机结构原理的基础上,对其驱动功率和曲轴转速等总体参数进行了设计计算。该分离机的分离盘从靠近曲轴端的回转运动逐渐转变为靠近调节板端的往复摆动,以带动物料做复杂摆动动作实施分离,保证了豆胚与豆皮的分离效果。设计后的分离机完全能够满足规模淀粉企业的使用要求。     

H-Y抗血清的制备及检测研究

选用８ ～１２ 周龄纯系的 Ｂ Ａ Ｌ Ｂ／ Ｃ 母鼠， 用同日龄的 Ｂ Ａ Ｌ Ｂ／ Ｃ 公鼠采取皮肤移植和脾细胞注射２ 种方式免疫， 制备 Ｈ Ｙ 抗血清， 经精子微量细胞毒性试验， 筛选抗血清。皮肤移植５ 只小鼠中只有１ 只产生较好的抗血清， 脾细胞注射的４ 只小鼠都能产生较好的抗血清， 产生抗血清的小鼠占５５ ％ 。抗血清与昆明鼠正常８ｃｅｌｌ 早期桑椹胚培养５ ～６ 、１８ 和２４ ｈ 后， 退化率达４３３ ％ ， 经 Ｘ２ 检验差异不显著（ Ｐ ＞ ００５） ， 符合自然性比例。     

养殖刺参溃疡病病原菌RH2的鉴定及其生物学特性分析

从患溃疡病养殖刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)病灶处分离出3株优势菌(RH1、RH2、RH3),以浸浴、体腔注射、体壁肌肉注射等方式进行感染实验,证实菌株RH2为养殖刺参溃疡病的病原菌,其对刺参的LD50(半数致死量)每尾为5.68×106CFU,并证实浸浴、体腔注射的方式无法感染刺参,该菌可能通过体表创伤侵入的方式感染刺参。经形态学观察、生理生化特性分析、16SrRNA和HSP60基因测序确定菌株RH2为溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)。基于16S rRNA基因构建的系统发育树显示,菌株RH2与溶藻弧菌(AF513447)亲缘关系最近,置信度为50%;HSP60基因序列分析表明RH2与溶藻弧菌(AY332570、AF230931)聚为一个分支,且置信度高达99%。菌株RH2的最适生长盐度为25~35,最适生长pH为7.2~8.0,最适生长温度为14~22℃。对18种药物的敏感实验证实菌株RH2对诺氟沙星、复方新诺明、壮观霉素等较为敏感。     

Varietal differences in phenolic content and astringency in skin and flesh of hardy kiwifruit resources in Japan

Varietal differences in the total phenolic content and astringency in the skin and flesh were determined among the cultivars and local collections of hardy kiwifruit with a ploidy variance found in Japan. The average values of the total phenolic content in the skin and flesh were 2.66 and 0.18 g 100 g⁻¹ FW, respectively. There were large varietal differences in the total phenolic content in the skin in the range of 1.3–5.0 g 100 g⁻¹ FW. Kochi (tetraploid), while Gassan and ‘Mitsuko’ (hexaploid) contained a larger amount of total phenolics. High astringency was found in Gassan, ‘Mitsuko’ and ‘Hoko’ (hexaploids) and Kochi. HPLC analysis showed that the major components of phenolics in the flesh were (+)-catechin, chlorogenic acid, rutin, (−)-epicatechin and quercetin.     

不同浓度的枯草芽孢杆菌对罗非鱼鱼苗的养殖水体水质及其抗病力的影响

罗非鱼鱼苗的养殖水体中引入不同浓度的枯草芽孢杆菌,检测水体的水质指标、鱼苗体内与免疫相关酶的酶活力、鱼苗的生长率和成活率。实验结束时,引入1.0×10^4 cfu/mL枯草芽孢杆菌实验组,氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮含量分别为2.72 mg/L、0.15 mg/L,显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）;AKP活力、抗菌活力分别达249.9 U/g prot、0.59μg/mL,显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）;鱼苗成活率也显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）,比对照组提高了11.0%。结果显示：适合浓度的枯草芽孢杆菌能有效地改善鱼苗养殖水体的水质,提高机体免疫力和成活率。